Growth Declines Are Often Abrupt

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10 months 2 weeks
In the 1960s, France’s economy was growing fast. Having successfully recovered from World War II, it had embarked on comprehensive modernisation. New cities were built to accommodate massive migration from the countryside, ambitious transport and communication infrastructure programmes were rolled out, consumer durable industries were booming and innovative new products were being launched. By Jean Pisani-Ferry

Redifining the European Union’s economic sovereignty

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1 year
China and the United States, especially, do not separate economic interests from geopolitical interests in the same way the EU does. They are increasingly using economic connections, from cyberspace to financial links, to gain geopolitical advantage or to serve geopolitical goals.