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The committee focused on three long-term structural challenges: climate change, economic inequality and demographic change. Their work led to the production of a detailed report on these three challenges.
Climate change: time to act
The work of the IPCC has highlighted the role of human activities in climate change and the importance of acting now to limit the rise in temperatures to less than 2°C compared to the pre-industrial era. With this objective in mind, and following the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015, France has set itself the objective of being carbon neutral by 2050. By committing today to ambitious policies and setting clear and credible milestones, France and Europe can play a leading role in international climate action. The commission, led by Mar Reguant, Associate Professor of Economics at Northwestern University, Illinois, and Christian Gollier, Professor and Director General of the Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), presented an analytical framework and proposals to accelerate the achievement of these goals.
Economic inequality and insecurity: measures for an inclusive economy
Equal opportunities, social protection, fair and efficient tax and social redistribution... Even if France is in a better position than most other countries, in order to ensure that economic opportunities benefit as many people as possible and are fairly distributed, France must act on several fronts and at different stages of people's economic lives. The commission, led by Stefanie Stantcheva, Professor of Economics at Harvard University, and Dani Rodrik, Professor of Political Economy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, makes the case and sets out a framework for good policy.
Facing demographic change: ageing, health and immigration
Ageing implies finding a fair and efficient balance between periods of employment and retirement. To achieve this, it is necessary to modernise the pension system, but also to support older people in their activities. This includes strengthening vocational training and the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Axel Börsch-Supan, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Claudia Diehl, Professor at the Munk School of the University of Konstanz, and Carol Propper, Professor of Economics at the Imperial College Business School in London, have examined the facts and their perception before drawing up a series of recommendations.
Composition of the Commission on Major Economic Challenges
Rapporteurs :
- Olivier Blanchard, Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fred Bergsten Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics
- Jean Tirole, Honorary President of the Jean-Jacques Laffont Foundation/School of Economics of Toulouse and the Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse
Main authors :
- Christian Gollier, Professor and Director General of the Toulouse School of Economics
- Mar Reguant, Professor of Economics at Northwestern University, Illinois
- Dani Rodrik, Professor of Political Economy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
- Stefanie Stantcheva, Professor of Economics at Harvard University
- Axel Börsch-Supan, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Policy social, Munich
- Claudia Diehl, Professor at the Munk School of the University of Constance
- Carol Propper, Professor of Economics at Imperial College Business School, London
Members
- Philippe Aghion, Professor at Collège de France, INSEAD and London School of Economics
- Richard Blundell, Professor of Political Economy at University College London
- Laurence Boone, OECD Chief Economist, Head of the Economics Department
- Valentina Bosetti, Professor of Economics at Bocconi University, Milan
- Daniel Cohen, Professor of Economics at the École normale supérieure, Vice-President of the Paris School of Economics
- Peter Diamond, Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Emmanuel Farhi, Professor of Economics at Harvard University
- Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, Professor of Macroeconomics and Development at the Goethe University in Frankfurt
- Michael Greenstone, Professor of Economics, Director of the Becker Friedman Institute and the Energy Policy Institute in Chicago
- Hilary Hoynes, Professor of Public Policy and Economics at the University of California, Berkeley
- Paul Krugman, Professor Emeritus of Economics, Graduate Center, New York University
- Thomas Philippon, Professor of Finance at the Stern School of Business, New York University
- Jean Pisani-Ferry, Professor at the European University Institute in Florence
- Adam Posen, President of the Peterson Institute for International Economics
- Nick Stern, Professor of Economics and Government, Chair of the Gantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Director of the India Observatory at the London School of Economics
- Lawrence Summers, Professor and President Emeritus, Harvard University
- Laura Tyson, Professor at the Haas School for Business and Social Impact, University of California, Berkeley
Secretariat and research support :
- France Stratégie